Before examining screening procedures and preventative training, it is vital that we understand the structure of the knee joint. The knee joint consists of the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone), fibula (smaller lower leg bone), and the patella (knee cap). The articular surface (joint area) of these bones is covered with hyaline cartilage to form a smooth, firm, and relatively frictionless surface for joint movement. There are several ligaments (tissues that connect bone to bone) in the knee joint that help stabilize the knee and prevent displacement. Some of these ligaments include: the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, lateral and medial collateral ligaments, patellar ligament, and the popliteal ligaments. There are also several tendons (tissues that connect muscle to bone) that stabilize the tracking of the knee. Some of the tendons include the tendons of the quadriceps, hamstrings, and calf muscles. There are also several structures that provide padding and absorb impact shock. Some of these structures include: the bursa, a fat pad, and the meniscus [13,14].