HIS145

COURSE DESCRIPTION:

This course examines Modern Mexico through its historic, political, social and cultural factors that have shaped it since 1810. The people of Mexico and the United States share many characteristics, which include but are not limited to former colonial status, a 2,000 mile border and the existence of large indigenous populations. This class will also emphasize US/Mexican relations, the importance of Mexico’s economy to the United States and the significance of the US/Mexican border region.

COURSE TEXTBOOKS:

The Course of Mexican History (1995) by Michael Meyer & William Sherman
The Mexican Shock (1995) by Jorge Castañeda
Women of the Mexican Countryside, 1850-1990 (1994) by Heather Fowler-Salamini and Mary Kay Vaughan.

COURSE EVALUATION:


In-Class Participation (Attendance & Quizzes)		15%
Article Responses (5% each)		10%
Book Response		15%
4 Exams (15% each)		60%
		100%

In Class Participation:
Attendance is mandatory. Lectures will not necessarily contain the same information as the readings. The instructor encourages questions and comments from students during class.

Quizzes:
All quizzes will be based on the reading for that particular week. The structure of the quizzes will vary in format: identifications, essay questions and multiple choice. Makeup quizzes will not be given.

Article Responses:
Two 1-2 page papers written about the articles in Women of the Mexican Countryside week 6 (Pages 51-89) and week 8 (Pages 93-124) are required. The papers should describe the main points of the article and what the student learned about Mexican women. The paper must be double-spaced, have one inch margins and the font size must be set at twelve.

Book Response:
One 4-6 page paper written about The Mexican Shock is required. The student must explain the main arguments of the book and evaluate its strengths and weaknesses. The paper must be double-spaced, have one inch margins and the font size must be set at twelve.

Exams:
There will be four exams. Each will consist of two essay questions and 10 identification terms.


Extra Credit: The following sections are optional reading sections from The Course of Mexican History:
1. Aztec Society and Culture		67-92
2. Culture and Daily Life in New Spain		221-246
3. Society and Culture 1st-Half of the Nineteenth Century		355-370
4. Society and Culture in the Middle of the Nineteenth Century		416-248
5. Society and Culture During the Porfiriato		466-479
6. Society and Culture During the Age of Violence		552-566
7. Society and Culture From Obregón to Cárdenas		609-623


Each section is worth 2% points added to your overall grade. The assignment is credit or no credit. In order to obtain credit, a 3-4 page report outlining the major points of that section must be written and handed in on time. The paper must be double-spaced, have one inch margins and the font size must be set at twelve. Only five extra-credit reports can be done.

COURSE SCHEDULE:

Week 1
Class Introduction: Instructor expectations & an explanation of methods of evaluation
Women of the Mexican Countryside

Colonial Mexico Background
Long-term Causes of Independence

Week 2 - Independence, 1810-1824
READ:
The Course of Mexican History (251-309)

Week 3 - Early Republic, 1824-1855
READ:
The Course of Mexican History (313-355)

Week 4 - From Civil War to the Liberal Centralized State, 1855-1876
Exam #1 (Thursday) on 1810-1876 period.
READ:
The Course of Mexican History (373-415)
Women of the Mexican Countryside (3-26)

Week 5 - The Porfiriato: Consolidation of Power & Modernization, 1876-1910
READ:
The Course of Mexican History (431-465)
Women of the Mexican Countryside (27-50)

Week 6
Article Response due on Thursday.
READ:
Women of the Mexican Countryside (51-89)

Week 7 - The Mexican Revolution (Military Phase), 1910-1920
READ:
The Course of Mexican History (483-551)

Week 8 - The Constitution of 1917
Exam #2 (Thursday) on 1876-1920 period.
READ:
Women of the Mexican Countryside (93-124)

Week 9 - The Mexican Revolution (The Constructive Phase), 1920-1940
Article Response due on Tuesday.
READ:
The Course of Mexican History (569-608)
Women of the Mexican Countryside (125-156)

Week 10 - The Presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas
READ:
Women of the Mexican Countryside (159-209)

Week 11 - The impact of World War II on Mexico, 1940-1946
READ:
The Course of Mexican History (627-677)
Women of the Mexican Countryside (210-242)

Week 12 - Post World War II Mexico, 1946-
Exam #3 (Tuesday) on 1920-1940 period.
READ:
The Course of Mexican History (705-723)
The Mexican Shock (1-30)

Week 13 - Overview of US/Mexican Relations
READ:
The Mexican Shock (30-78)

Week 14
READ:
The Mexican Shock (79-161)

Week 15
READ:
The Mexican Shock (163-207)

Book Response due on day of the final.
FINAL EXAM on 1940 to the present period.


History 145 History of Mexico
Article Responses
Article Responses must be typed, 1-2 pages in length, on one side of the paper, the font size set at 12, 1 inch margins, double spaced and in essay format. Explain the major points of the articles and explain what you learned about Mexican women. The primary purpose of this assignment is to provide more insight into women’s history and to prepare the student for the large writing assignment, the Book Response. *Always use examples from the articles to support you conclusions.
Book Response
Book Responses must be typed, 4-6 pages in length, on one side of the paper, the font size set at 12, 1 inch margins, double spaced and in essay format. Brilliant writing is generally clear, logical and concise. I recommend that you write at least one draft and have someone proof read your work before handing in your final copy. *Always use examples from the book to support you conclusions. The Book Response should consist of three parts: What is the Thesis of the book? What is the main argument or theme? Does the author prove what he said he was going to prove? Is the information offered sufficient enough to support the author’s argument? How does the book relate to this class on Mexican history? What does it tell you about Mexican history? Does the book help you better understand Mexico’s domestic situation today? This section should have an abundance of examples. Did the book help you better understand Mexican history? Did it help you better understand what the instructor is trying to teach? Did you like the book? Why/Why not? What did you enjoy about the book or what did you enjoy least?


1st exam Study Guide: 1810-1876
Explain the factors that lead to the Mexican independence movement. What were the eventual factors that contributed to Mexico’s freedom after eleven years of fighting? Explain what the difference was between the 1st Generation Liberals and the Liberals of La Reforma generation? Be sure to include the differences in the Constitutions of 1824 and 1857. Was Benito Juárez always the leader of the Liberal cause? What factors contributed to his final presidency and admiration as one of Mexico’s greatest heroes? Despite the United State’s Westward expansion, Mexico’s internal problems were mostly responsible for its loss of Texas and the present American Southwest. What were the factors that caused Mexico to be in constant turmoil that resulted in territorial loss and foreign occupation?


Bourbon Reforms Napoleon Bonaparte	Manuel Gómez Pedraza	Vicente Guerrero
Miguel Hidalgo	Philip V	Guadalupe Victoria	Anastasio Bustamante
José María Morelos	Charles III	Nicolás Bravo	Fueros
Grito de Dolores	Intendants	Conservatives	1836 Constitution
Penensulares	Felíx Calleja	Liberals/Federalists	Texas Rebellion
Criollos	Agustín Iturbide	Antonio Lopez de Santa Ana	Alamo/Goliad
Chilpancingo	Plan de Iguala	Constitution of 1812	Mexican American War
Enlightenment	1824 Constitution	York Rite Masons	Treaty of Gudalupe Hidalgo
Jose de Iturrigaray	Treaty of Córdoba	Scottish Rite Masons	Melchor Ocampo
Ferdinand VII	Plan de Casa Mata	Lorenzo de Zavala	Ayutla Revolution
Benito Júarez	Juan Alvarez	Miguel Lerdo de Tejada	Sebastion Lerdo de Tejada
Ley Juárez	Ley Lerdo	Ley Iglesias	1857 Constitution
War of the Reform	Napoleon III	Cinco de Mayo	Ferdinand Maximilian
Plan de la Noria


2nd exam Study Guide-1876-1920
Describe the changes that occurred during the Porfiriato. What benefits did Porfirio Díaz bring to Mexico? Explain how Díaz’s rise to power was cloaked in liberal rhetoric. Describe the major personalities of the Mexican Revolution and explain why each revolted against Díaz and Huerta? Be sure to include those groups that were repressed under the political stability created by the “Pax Porfiriana.” Explain why Madero’s and Carranza’s government’s failed despite being democratically elected to office. Once the revolutionaries were victorious against the Huerta Dictatorship, they entered into a phase which one historian called the “War of the Winners.” Why did this disunity exist?


Modernization	Dependency Theory	Order & Progress	Convention of Aguscalientes
Manuel Gonzalez	Terreno Baldío Acts	Positivism	Plan de Tuxtepec
Científicos	Jose Ives Limantour	Yaqui Indians	Río Blanco Strike
El Aguila	Rurales	Pax Porfiriana	Plan de Guadalupe
Terrazas-Creel Clan	Railroads	CROM	Tienda de Raya
Flores Magon Bros.	Cananea Strike	James Creelman	Regeneración
Francisco Madero	Plan de San Luis Potosí	Pascual Orozco	Invasion of Vera Cruz
Pancho Villa	Battle of Ciudad Juarez	Emiliano Zapata	AguascalientesConvention
Plan de Ayala	Victoriano Huerta	Felix Diaz	Sonoran Triangle
Decena Tragica	Henry Lane Wilson	Alvaro Obregon
Venustiano Carranza	Ypiranga	Battle of Celaya
Pershing Expedition	Constitution of 1917	Justo Sierra
Pablo Gonzalez	Plan de Agua Prieta	Porfiriato


3rd exam Study Guide-1920-1940
How was the 1917 Constitution implemented in the 1920s? What impact did it have on Mexican society during this period? During the 1920s, the bases for future government policy was established by both Obregón and Calles. How did they do this and to what interest groups did they appeal to? How did Obregón and Calles satisfy the mandate, which the 1917 Constitution imposed on the Mexican political system? Did they drag their feet, were they enthusiastic or were they cautious? What precipitated the Cristero Rebellion? What were the 19th century historical roots of this war? Explain how the Maximato evolved into the hegemony of Lazaro Cárdenas. What reforms did Cárdenas institute? Was the 1917 Constitution finally implemented? According to Meyer, Cárdenas carried the Revolution to the left. How was he able to obtain independence from Calles and the Maximato? What incidents demonstrated this shift to the left? The Revolution: the Constructive Phase (569-608):


Plutarco Elías Calles	Maximato	Jose Vasconcelos	Siz Year Plan
Adolpho de la Huerta	Article 3	Luis Morones	Saturnino Cedillo
Article 123	Article 27	Bucareli Agreements	Ejido
Cristero Rebellion	Pascual Ortiz Rubio	Emilio Portes Gil	Vicente Lombardo Toledano
Abelardo Rodríguez	Lazaro Cardenas	Agrarian Reform	CTM
Oil Expropriation	Escobar Revolt	Sonoran Triangle	March 18, 1938
Alvaro Obregón	Dwight Morrow	Positive Acts	PRM
Diego Rivera	José León Toral	PNR	PEMEX
Ley Calles	CROM


4th exam Study Guide-1940 to the Present
If Cárdenas shifted the Revolution to the left in the 1930s, what direction did the post-Cárdenas presidents take after 1940? What were the goals of Mexico’s industrialization after 1940? What role did the government play in Mexico’s industrialization process after World War II? Why would the propensity for corruption be more apparent during this prosperous modern period than in any other time in Mexico’s history? Mexican diplomatic relations with the United States improved dramatically after 1940. Why? What benefits do certain sectors of the population gain as a consequence? In spite of years of sustained economic growth in industrial production and a subsequent expansion of the middle class following World War II, there are still millions of Mexicans who were not part of this boom. Why? Discuss the major factors discussed by Castañeda that affect Mexico today. Do you think the Mexican political system will change as a result and in which direction?


Manuel Avila Camacho	Yo Soy Creyente	Bracero Program	Fidel Vasquez
Nacional Financiera	Import Substitution	Miguel Aleman	Mexican Miracle
PRI	Women’s Suffrage	Gustavo Díaz Ordaz	Tlateloco Massacre
Luis Echeverría	José Lopez Portillo	Miguel de la Madrid	Oil Shortages 1970s
Oil Glut 1980s	Maquiladoras	Carlos Salinas de Gortari	Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas
NAFTA	Zapatista Uprising	PAN	PRD
Subcomandante Marcos	Neoliberalism	IRCA	Foreign Debt
Non-Aligned Movement	Communism	Undocumented Immigration	Donaldo Colosio


TEACHING BIBLIOGRAPHY
GENERAL TEXTS: Michael C. Meyer & William L. Sherman. The Course of Mexican History. 5th Edition. New York: Oxford UP, 1995. Paperback ISBN#: 0-19-508980-4 The best textbook on Mexican history. Covers all of Mexican history from the Pre-Columbian peoples to the present. Current edition deals with contemporary topics such as the Zapatista Revolt in Chiapas and the North American Free Trade Agreement. Highly recommended to be used as the course textbook. Ramón Eduardo Ruiz. Triumphs and Tragedy: a History of the Mexican People. 1st Edition. New York: W.W. Norton, 1992. Paperback ISBN#: This is a well written textbook, but at times it is opinionated about specific questions regarding Mexican historiography. For example, Ruiz defends his thesis from his book The Great Rebellion that the Mexican Revolution was not a true revolution but merely a changing of the Mexican elite. The book is also dated because it was published in 1992. However it is very readable for undergraduates and a good source of information for instructors. Leslie Bethell, ed. Mexico Since Independence. 1st Edition. New York: Cambridge UP, 1992. Paperback ISBN#: 0-521-42372-4 This is a great book for creating lectures. Tremendous amount of detail and the authors are all the leading experts in the sections they are writing about. Do not recommend for students. Héctor Aguilar Camín & Lorenzo Meyer. In the Shadow of the Mexican Revolution: Contemporary Mexican History, 1910-1989. Austin: Texas UP, 1993. ISBN#: 0-292-70451-8 Translation from Spanish. Covers only 20th century Mexican history. Good for lectures.
Recommended Books for major sections of Mexican History course as specified by outline.
INDEPENDENCE: W. Dirk Raat. Mexico: From Independence to Revolution, 1810-1910. Lincoln: Nebraska UP, 1982. Jaime Rodriguez O. The Origins of Mexican National Politics, 1808-1847. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources Inc., 1997. 1824-1876: Torcuato S. DiTella. National Popular Politics in Early Independent Mexico, 1820-1847. Albuquerque: New Mexico UP, 1996. Richard Sinkin. The Mexican Reform, 1855-1876. Austin, Texas UP, 1979. Charles Hale. The Transformation of Liberalism in Late Nineteenth-Century Mexico. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1989. Stanley Greene. The Mexican Republic: the First Decade, 1823-1832. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh UP, 1987. PORFIRIATO: Paul Vanderwood. Disorder and Progress. Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources Inc., 1992. William Beezley. Judas at the Jockey Club and Other Episodes of Porfirian Mexico. Lincoln: Nebraska UP. THE MEXICAN REVOLUTION: Alan Knight. The Mexican Revolution 2 vols. Lincoln: Nebraska UP, 1986 John Womack. Zapata and the Mexican Revolution. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1969. Ramon Ruiz. The Great Rebellion, 1905-1924. New York: W.W. Norton, 1980. POST REVOLUTION MEXICO: Roderic Al Camp. Politics in Mexico. New York: Oxford UP, 1986. Kevin Middlebrook. The Paradox of the Mexican Revolution. Baltimore: The John Hopkins UP, 1995.


English Language Bibliography -- Modern Mexico General Surveys and Broad Chronological Themes
Bazant, Jan. A Concise History of Mexico: From Hidalgo to Cardenas, 1805-1940, 1977. Fowler, Heather and Mary Kay Vaughan (Eds.) Women of the Countryside, 1850-1990: Creating Spaces, Shaping Transitions, 1994. Gugliotta, Bobette. Women ofMexico: The Concecrated and the Commoners, 1510-1900, 1989. Meyer, Michael C.,and William L. Sherman, The Course ofMexican History, 1989. Raat., Dirk (Ed.). Mexico From Independence to Revolution, 1810-1910, 1982. Ruiz, Ramon E. Triumphs and Tragedies: A History of the Mexican People, 1992. Quirk, Robert, Mexico, 1971. Schmitt, Karl. Mexico and the United States, 1821-19 73, 1974. Independence Anna, Timothy. The Mexican Empire of Iturbide, 1990. Hamill, Hugh. The Hidalgo Revolt: Prelude to Mexican Independence, 1966. Flores Caballero, Romeo. Counterrevolution: The Role of the Spaniards in the Independence of Mexico, 1974. The Struggle to Build a Nation Arrom, Sylvia. The Women of Mexico City, 1790-1857, 1985. Costeloe, Michael P. The Central Republic of Mexico, 1835-1846: hombres de bien in the Age of Santa Ana, 1993. Green, Stanley C. The Mexican Republic: The First Decade, 1823-1832 Hale, Charles. Mexican Liberalism in the Age of Mora, 1.824-1853. Potash, Robert A. Mexican Government and Industrial Development in the Early Republic: The Banco de Avio, 1983. Sierra, Justo. The Political Evolution of the Mexican People, 1969. Tutino, John. From Insurrection to Revolution in Mexico: Social Basis of Agrarian Violence, 1750-1940, 1986. Liberal Conservative Struggle Barker, Nancy N. The French Experience in Mexico, 1821-1861: A History of Constant Misunderstanding, 1979. Bazant, Jan. Alienation of Church Wealth in Mexico: Social and Economic Aspects of Liberal Revolution, 1856-1857, 1971. Dabbs, Jack Autrey. The French Army in Mexico, 1861-1867: A Study in Military Government, 1963. Guardino, Peter. Peasants, Politics, and the Formation of Mexico's National State, 1800-1857, 1996. Hamnett, Brian. Juarez, 1996. Roeder, Ralph. Juarez and His Mexico, two vols., 1947. Sinkin, Richard. The Mexican Reform, 1855-1876: A Study in Liberal Nation Building, 1979. Modernization: The Porfiriato Anderson, Rodney. Outcasts in Their Own Land: Industrial Workers, 1906-1911, 1976 Bernstein, Marvin. The Mexican Mining Industry, 1890-1950, 1964. Beezley, William. Judas at the Jockey Club and Other Episodes ofPorfirian Mexico, 1987. Coatsworth, John. Growth Against Development: The Economic Impact ofR ailroads in Porfirian Mexico, 1981. Cosio Villegas, Daniel. The United States Versus Porfirio Diaz, 1963. Haber, Stephen. Industry and Development: The Industrialization of Mexico, 1880-1940, 1989. Joseph, Gilbert. Revolution From Without: Yucatan Mexico and the United States, 1982. Pletcher, David. Rails, Mines and Progress: Seven American Promoters in Mexico, 1958. Ruiz, Ramon Eduardo. Yankee Capitalist and the People of Sonora, 1988. Saragoza, Alex, The Monterey Elite and the Mexican State, 1880-1940, 1988. Tinker Salas, Miguel. In the Shadow of the Eagles: Sonora and the Transformation of the Border During the Porfiriato, 1997. Vanderwood Paul J. Disorder and Progress: Bandits, Police and Mexican Development, 1981. Mark Wasserman, Capitalist, Caciques, and Revolution: The Native Elites and Foreign Enterprise in Chihuahua Mexico, 1984. Wells, Allen. Yucatan's GildedAge: Haciendas, Henequen, and International Harvester, 1860-1915, 1985. Vallens, Vivian M. Working Women in Mexico During the Porfiriato, 1880-1910, 1978. Revolution Bailey, David. Viva Cristo Rey!: The Cristero Rebellion: and the Church-State Conflict in Mexico, 1974. Beezley, William H. Insurgent Governor: Abraham Gonzalez and the Mexican Revolution in Chihuahua, 1973. Hart, John M. Revolutionary Mexico: The Coming and Process of the Mexican Revolution, 1987. Knight, Alan. The Mexican Revolution, Yols. 1 & 2, 1986. Meyer, Jean. The Cristero Rebellion: The Mexican People Between Church and State, 1926-1929, 1976. Meyer. Michael. Huerta: A Political Portrait, 1972. Quirk, Robert E. An Affair of Honor: Woodrow Wilson and the Occupation of Vera Cruz, 1962. Unknown Author. The Mexican Revolution, 1914-1915: The Convention of Aguascalientes, 1963. Unknown Author. The Mexican Revolution and the Catholic Church, 1910-1929, 1973. Womack, John. Zapata and the Mexican Revolution, 1968. Ross, Stanley. Francisco I Madero: The Apostle of Mexican Democracy, 1955 Richmond, Douglas. Venustiano Carranza's Nationalist Struggle, 1893-1920, 1983. Implementing the Revolution Bamjes, Adrian . "As If Jesus Walked the Earth ": Cardenismo, Sonora and the Mexican Revolution. Becker, Marjorie. Setting the Virgin on Fire: L6zaro Cdrdenas, Michoaccin Peasants and the Redemption of the Mexican Revolution, 1995. Carr, Barry. Marxism and Communism in Twentieth Century Mexico, 1992. Gonzalez, Luis. San Jose de Gracia: A Mexican Village in Transition, 1983. Meyer, Lorenzo and Josefma Vdsquez. The United States and Mexico, 1984 Tannenbaum, Frank. Peace By Revolution, 1966. Raat, Dirk, and William Beezely. Twentieth Century Mexico, 1983. Ross, Stanley. Is The Mexican Revolution Dead?, 1966. Soto, Shirlene Ann. Emergence of the Mexican Woman: Her Participation and Struggle for Equality, 1990. Vaughan, Mary Kay. Cultural Politics in Revolution: Teachers, Peasants, and Schools in Mexico, 1930-1940, 1997. Wilkie, James. The Mexican Revolution: Federal Expenditures and Social Change, 1967. Modern Mexico Alder Hellman, Judith. Mexico in Crisis, 1983. Aguilar Camin, Hector, and Lorenzo Meyer. In The Shadow of the Mexican Revolution: Contemporary Mexican History, 1910-1989, 1993. Castefteda, Jorge G., and Robert A. Pastor, Limits of Friendship: The United States and Mexico, 1988. Gonzalez Cassanova, Carlos. Democracy in Mexico, 1970. Hershfield, Joanne. Mexican Cinema/Mexican Woman, 1940-1950, 1996. Liewen, Edwin. Mexican Militarism: The Political Rise and Fall of the Political Army, 1968. Mosk, Sanford. Industrial Revolution in Mexico, 1950. Szekely Gabriel, and Daniel Levy. Mexico: Paradoxes of Stability and Change, 1987. Smith, Peter. Labyrinths of Power: Political Recruitment in Twentieth Century Mexico, 1979. Vernon, Raymond. The Dilemma of Mexico's Development: The Roles of the Private and Public Sectors, 1963.

	<< GO BACK	<< GO TO INTERNATIONAL STUDIES HOMEPAGE


	Last updated: May 27, 2005 Paradise Valley Community College- URL-http://www.pvc.maricopa.edu © 2005 Maricopa County Community College District. All Rights Reserved. Please send your questions and comments via email to Michele Marion at michele.marion@pvmail.maricopa.edu